In a historic milestone for international diplomacy, the Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) between the European Union (EU), its 27 member states, and Japan officially entered into force today. This first-of-its-kind bilateral framework agreement signifies a deepening of relations and a robust commitment to shared values, closer political and economic ties, and enhanced cooperation on global challenges.
The SPA, signed in Tokyo on July 17, 2018, represents the culmination of over a decade of negotiations and coordination. Following the European Parliament’s approval in December 2018 and the final ratification process by EU member states in April 2024, the agreement now serves as the cornerstone of EU-Japan relations. The Agreement officially came into force on 1st January, 2025.
Strengthening Multilateralism and Shared Values
The SPA places a strong emphasis on defending the rules-based global order, with the United Nations at its core. Both the EU and Japan aim to champion fundamental principles such as the rule of law, democracy, human rights, open markets, and free and fair trade. These shared values will underpin collaborative efforts to address pressing global issues, including climate change, sustainable development, and geopolitical instability.
“This agreement is a testament to the EU and Japan’s shared commitment to uphold multilateralism and defend the principles that underpin international stability and prosperity,” said European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
Enhanced Security and Bilateral Cooperation
In the realm of security, the SPA paves the way for deeper collaboration to combat terrorism, transnational crime, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Enhanced information sharing and coordinated efforts will play a key role in addressing these threats.
Beyond security, the agreement bolsters cooperation in vital sectors, including space exploration, information and communication technologies (ICT), industrial policy, energy, transport, education, and research and innovation. These areas are seen as critical for fostering economic growth and technological advancements in both regions.
Institutional Framework and Dispute Resolution
To ensure the effective implementation of the agreement, a joint committee will oversee the partnership, providing a structured forum for dialogue on all covered issues. Additionally, a dispute settlement mechanism has been established to address potential controversies, ensuring a smooth and constructive resolution process.
Background and Milestones
Negotiations for the SPA began over a decade ago, with talks launched in parallel with discussions on an EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). While the EPA, focusing on trade and economic cooperation, came into effect in 2019, the SPA marks a broader and more comprehensive framework for engagement. The decision by the Council of the EU in April 2024 to conclude the SPA finalized the groundwork for today’s implementation. The agreement’s entry into force coincides with a pivotal moment in global geopolitics, as both the EU and Japan seek to address rising challenges to the international order.
Looking Ahead
The SPA opens new opportunities for collaboration in critical areas that will shape the future of global governance, economic development, and technological innovation. It also strengthens the strategic alignment between two of the world’s largest economies, ensuring they are better equipped to address shared challenges in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.
“This agreement is not just a treaty—it is a partnership for the 21st century,” said Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. “Together, we will chart a path toward a more secure, prosperous, and sustainable future for our citizens and the world.” As the SPA begins its implementation, the EU and Japan stand poised to solidify their roles as global leaders in championing cooperation, innovation, and the principles of democracy and free trade. This partnership is expected to set a new standard for international agreements, reflecting the growing importance of alliances built on shared values and common goals.
